临床问题 压疮伤口清洁技术的最佳证据有哪些? 相关背景 压疮(pressure sore)是由于肢体突出部位组织受长期压迫导致局部组织持续缺血、缺氧、营养不良而致组织坏死形成的软组织溃疡1。压疮是长期卧床病人在临床上常见的并发症,不但延长患者住院时间和增加病死率,还增加家庭和社会的经济负担2。而清洁压疮伤口(如压疮表面的组织碎片和赴残留物)是处理压疮的首要重要步骤3-5。目前压疮伤口清洁技术主要包括冲洗、擦洗、淋浴、涡流冲洗等3,需针对不同情况采用适当的清洁技术。 蒋琪霞. 第十九章 压疮护理的循证实践. 引自 胡雁, 郝玉芳.循证护理学(第二版), 北京:人民卫生出版社.2018. 322-340.
实践推荐 • 使用足够压力的冲洗液清洗伤口,避免损伤组织和将细菌冲入伤口内。(C级证据) • 要小心带有潜行、窦道和瘘管的压疮。清洗装置专人专用,妥善处理,避免交叉感染。(C级证据) 适用性说明 本证据来自于国内外循证资源,在应用该证据时,应考虑具体的临床情境、专业判断和患者意愿,做出最佳决策。若需获取更加详细的信息,请与作者联系。 [2] Carter M. Economic Evaluations of Guideline-Based or Strategic Interventions for the Prevention or Treatment of Chronic Wounds[J]. 2014, 12(4): 373-389. [3] National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP/ EPUAP). Treatment of pressure ulcers: Quick reference guide. Washington, DC: National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, 2009. [4] Wound Ostomy And Continence Society. Guideline for prevention and management of pressure ulcers. Mount Laurel, 2010. [5] Tachibana T, Imafuku S, Irisawa R, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment for pressure ulcers.[J]. Journal of Dermatology, 2016, 43(5):469-506. [6] National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP), European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP), Pan Pacifc Pressure Injury Alliance (PPPIA). Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: Quick Reference Guide. Emily Haesler, Western Australia, Cambridge Media: Osborne Park, 2014. |