如何对鼻饲患者进行有效监测与照护?
2016-07-27 09:55
来源于:复旦大学循证护理中心
鼻饲管被广泛应用于重症患者或无法经口进食的患者。通过定位,鼻饲管由患者鼻腔插入至患者胃部或肠道1。科学监测及照护是维持鼻饲管有效性的重要策略。 证据推荐:
证据总结: 本证据总结基于系统检索循证卫生保健数据库。证据来源于: •临床实践指南1,2,5。 •专家经验3,6,8。 •一项包含30名参与者的随机临床试验4。 •一个包含462人的回顾性队列研究7。 •一篇包含6项研究的系统评价9。 实践推荐: •应指派有经验的护理专家为鼻饲患者提供评估及照护。评估内容包括导管的位置及其通畅性。管饲及给药前反复冲洗导管是照护重点。(Grade A) •现有研究表明,使用鼻系带固定导管可降低导管移位发生风险。但需要更多的研究来支持推荐意见。(Grade B) 本证据来自于国外循证资源(Joanna Briggs Institute 循证卫生保健中心“证据总结”资料库(2016)),在应用该证据时,应考虑具体的临床情境、专业判断和患者意愿,做出本土化决策。 参考文献: 1. The Clinical Resource Efficiency Support Team. Guidelines for the management of enteral tube feeding in adults. CREST. 2004. [cited 2 Jul 2014]. Available from: http://www.crestni.org.uk/ publications/ 2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Nutrition support for adults: oral nutrition support, enteral tube feeding and parenteral feeding. NICE Clinical Guideline 32. 2006. [cited 2016 Feb 13]. Available from: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg32/evidence/full- guideline -194889853 3. O'Keefe SJ. A guide to enteral access procedures and enteral nutrition. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009; 6(4):207-15. 4. Huerta G, Puri VK. Nasoenteric feeding tubes in critically ill patients (fluoroscopy versus blind). Nutrition. 2000; 16 (4):264-267. 5. Stroud M, Duncan H, Nightingale J. Guidelines for Enteral Feeding in adult hospital patients. Gut. 2003; 52(Suppl vii) 1-12. 6. Dietitians Association of Australia (DAA). Enteral nutrition manual for adults in health care facilities. 2011. [cited 2016 Feb 13]. Available from: http://daa.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/ 2011/11/ Enteral-nutrition-manual-Oct-2011. 7. Hauschild TB, Fu KY, Hipwell RC, Baraghoshi G, Mone MC, Nirula R, et al. Safe, timely, convenient, and cost-effective: a single-center experience with bedside placement of enteral feeding tubes by midlevel providers using fluoroscopic guidance. Am J Surg. 2012; 204:958-962. 8. Prabhakaran S, Doraiswamy VA, Nagaraja V, Cipolla J, Ofurum, U, Evans DC, et al. Nasoenteric tube complications. Scand J Surg. 2012; 101:147-155. 9. Bechtold ML, Nguyen DL, Palmer LB, Kiraly LN, Martindale RG, McClave SA. Nasal bridles for securing nasoenteric tubes: a meta-analysis. Nutr Clin Pract. 2014;29(5):667-71. |